What particular type of background investigation is required for Top Secret clearance?

The Single Scope Background Investigation (SSBI) is the specific type of background investigation required for individuals seeking Top Secret clearance. This thorough investigation encompasses a comprehensive review of an individual’s personal history, including their character, conduct, and associations, as well as interviews with references and verification of employment and education records. The SSBI process is designed to assess whether an individual is trustworthy and loyal to the United States, meeting the stringent standards necessary for access to classified information at the Top Secret level.

While other types of checks may provide some level of vetting, none match the scope and depth of the SSBI required for Top Secret clearance. For example, a basic background check may include limited checks on criminal history and employment but does not delve into the extensive personal history and interviews necessary for Top Secret clearance. An Enhanced Criminal Record Check or a Comprehensive Financial Review might provide insights into specific areas like legal issues or financial stability, but they do not encompass the broad evaluation of an individual's entire background that the SSBI entails.

Thus, the requirement for a Single Scope Background Investigation underscores the high level of trustworthiness and reliability expected from individuals with access to sensitive governmental information.